2021/08/27 by Noah Bray-Ali, Bray-Ali, Noah
#hep-ph #cond-mat.str-el #hep-ex #hep-th
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2108.12243
The best available determination of the present expansion rate of the universe using late-universe observations, by the SH0ES collaboration in 2025, differs by more than seven standard deviations from the value of the Hubble constant determined by the Planck collaboration in 2018 using early-universe observations and the standard cold dark matter cosmology with cosmological constant, a discrepancy known as the Hubble tension. Within a spatially flat, isotropic, and homogeneous expanding-universe solution of the field equations of general relativity with cosmological constant, the SH0ES value for the Hubble constant implies roughly twice as many baryons as the standard cosmology, provided that one retains the Planck values for the energy density of cold dark matter in the present universe and for the cosmological constant. A novel cosmology is proposed --- in terms of cooling dark matter made of quantum chromodynamic (QCD) axions with present number density six times that of the photons in the cosmic microwave background --- which realizes this straightforward, doubled-baryons scenario for resolving the Hubble tension.