2011/01/01 by Benjamin Highton, Cindy D. Kam · 124 citations
Mathematics · Psychology · Social Sciences · #American political science #Biology and political orientation #Causal model #Causality (physics) #Context (archaeology) #Dynamics (music) #Economics #Electoral Systems and Political Participation #Identification (biology) #Law #Mathematics #Orientation (vector space) #Political science #Political socialization #Politics #Positive economics #Psychology #Social Media and Politics #Social and Intergroup Psychology #Social psychology #Socialization #Structural equation modeling #Term (time)
paper · doi:10.1017/s0022381610000964
published in The Journal of Politics 73(1), 202-215 (University of Chicago Press)
openalex publication_date 2011/01/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
Partisanship and issue orientations are among the foundational concepts for behavioral researchers. We seek to understand their causal relationship. One view suggests that party identification, as a central and long-standing affective orientation, influences citizens’ issue positions. Another view claims that issue orientations influence party identification. We take both theories into account in this article and argue that the direction of causality may depend upon the political context. Using the Political Socialization Panel Study, we analyze the long-term dynamic relationship between partisanship and issue orientations. The results from our cross-lagged structural equation models are inconsistent with a single, time-invariant, unidirectional causal story. The causal relationship between partisanship and issue orientations appears to depend upon the larger political context. In the early period from 1973 to 1982, partisanship causes issue orientations. In the later period, from 1982 to 1997, the causal arrow is reversed, and issue orientations significantly shape partisanship.