The BIAS map: Behaviors from intergroup affect and stereotypes.

2007/01/01 by Amy J. C. Cuddy, Susan T. Fiske, Peter Glick · 1,998 citations
Psychology · Social Sciences · #Affect (linguistics) #Communication #Cultural Differences and Values #Developmental psychology #Facilitation #Gender Diversity and Inequality #Harm #Psychology #Social and Intergroup Psychology #Social psychology #Stereotype (UML)

paper · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.92.4.631

published in Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 92(4), 631-648 (American Psychological Association)

openalex publication_date 2007/01/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/04

Abstract

In the present research, consisting of 2 correlational studies (N = 616) including a representative U.S. sample and 2 experiments (N = 350), the authors investigated how stereotypes and emotions shape behavioral tendencies toward groups, offering convergent support for the behaviors from intergroup affect and stereotypes (BIAS) map framework. Warmth stereotypes determine active behavioral tendencies, attenuating active harm (harassing) and eliciting active facilitation (helping). Competence stereotypes determine passive behavioral tendencies, attenuating passive harm (neglecting) and eliciting passive facilitation (associating). Admired groups (warm, competent) elicit both facilitation tendencies; hated groups (cold, incompetent) elicit both harm tendencies. Envied groups (competent, cold) elicit passive facilitation but active harm; pitied groups (warm, incompetent) elicit active facilitation but passive harm. Emotions predict behavioral tendencies more strongly than stereotypes do and usually mediate stereotype-to-behavioral-tendency links.

Citations

• Relations among emotion, appraisal, and emotional action readiness.
• A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition.

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