2025/07/21 by Mulatu Kassa
paper · doi:10.20372/nadre:10804
Embacho Town has undergone through various social and economic developments since its establishment. Population growth and urbanization which are confronting the Town has called for the expansion and improvement of water supply and sanitation services. Therefore, detailed study is necessary for the decision making on upgrading of the existing water sources, future water sources selection and designing for the future water demand and management options .To achieve this goal, household survey, Pressure map, population growth rate, Water quality samples were undertaken based on purposive sampling method. The pressure result showed that the water was notdistributed equally at higher locations of the supply reservoir than lower elevations due to pressure variations. Based on population growth rate formula, the total water demandincluding domestic and non domestic uses was found to be 78liters per day which does not able to meet the United Nation recommendation of 50 liters per day. The demand was able to be increased to 210240 m3/year in the year 2022 while average domestic water consumption of the households excluding nondomestic uses was 8.6 liters per person per day, which is less than half of the 20 l/p/d recommended by the WHO. The sanitary survey of 138 households showed also that Forty percent of the respondents use simple pit latrine while Sixty percent use open defecation and the laboratory result indicated that from 15 household water storage containers, all of those have shown from medium to very high risks of contamination by faecal matters. Therefore, the result leads to the conclusion that the water supply system of Embacho Town was not adequate interms of quantity and quality and did not satisfying the consumers’ water demand.