2024/07/11 by Martirosyan, Gevorg, Fujimoto, Kazuya, Navon, Nir
#Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph) #FOS: Physical sciences #Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn) #Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas) #Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
paper · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2407.08738
We report the numerical observation of a far-from-equilibrium equation of state (EoS) in the Gross-Pitaevskii model. This universal dimensionless EoS is constructed by relating the turbulent cascade's scale-free spectrum amplitude to the energy flux of the steady state that emerges from the large-length-scale driving of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). Remarkably, this EoS defies the generic predictions of wave-turbulent kinetic theory, even though the cascade spectra are quantitatively well understood within that theory. Finally, we find that the concept of quasi-static thermodynamic processes between equilibrium states extends to far-from-equilibrium steady states.