2024/04/02 by Lema, Kumala, Kenei Baba, Felmata, Dinka, Firomsa +1
#Antibiotic Susceptibility #Bovine #Dairy Farm #Mastitis #Nekemte #Prevalence
paper · doi:10.20372/star.v13i1.06
Bovine mastitis, an infection of the mammary gland, is the most frequent disease of dairy cattle, resulting in economic losses owing to low productivity and poor milk quality. A cross-sectional investigation was undertaken in Nekemte town dairy farms from November 2022 to October 2023 to identify the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of bacterial isolates in mastitis cases in Nekemte town dairy farms. Randomly selected, 383 Holstein Friesian and crossbreed lactating cows from small (≤15) and medium (16–30) scale dairy farms were tested for mastitis by the Californian mastitis test and microbiological culture. From the 383 lactating cattle examined, 185 (48.30%) were recorded as positive results. Out of the positive results, 53 (13.84%) were clinical, while 132 (34.46%) were subclinical mastitis, respectively. From the 1532 quarters tested, 42 (2.74%) were blind, and 149 (9.73%) and 79 (5.15%) were positive for sub-clinical and clinical mastitis, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the incidence of mastitis was associated with milking mastitic cows last, udder cleaning before and after milking, age, tick infestations, and using a towel to dry the teat (P < 0.05). From the total 228 isolated bacterial species, the most prevalent, Staphylococcus aureus 81 (35.53%), was extremely susceptible to gentamycin 81 (100%), penicillin 78 (96.3%), and chloramphenicol 75 (92.59%), and highly resistant to ampicillin 4 (4.94%) and streptomycin 5 (6.17%). From the total of 48 (21.05%) isolated E. coli, the antibiotic susceptibility test indicated that Gentamycin 44 (91.67%), chloramphenicol 43 (89.58%), and streptomycin 43 (89.58%) were the most effective, whereas vancomycin 4 (8.33%), tetracycline 5 (10.42%), and ampicillin 7 (14.58%) were the most resistant to E. coli. Of 46 (20.18%) isolated Streptococcus agalactiae, Gentamycin and erythromycin 44 (95.65%), chloramphenicol 43 (93.48%), penicillin,and tetracycline 42 (91.3%) were all highly effective, and streptomycin 2 (4.35%) was resistant. Out of 18 (7.89%) Staphylococcus chromogens, chloramphenicol and gentamycin were both 18% (100%) effective against the pathogen. This investigation summarised that the prevalence of mastitis in dairy cattle was too high and needed further studies on molecular-based identification.