2024/04/03 by Almumin, Yahya
#FOS: Physical sciences #High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
paper · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2404.03053
Properties such as the radius, charge and energy of U(1) gauged Q-balls are analytically complicated to characterize. A mapping relation is known between the ground state of gauged Q-balls and global Q-balls that reduces the complexity of the analysis of the ground state of gauged Q-balls. Extending the map to excited states is a powerful tool to determine the properties of the rest of gauged Q-ball solution space. In this article we explore the mapping relation extension to characterize numerically and analytically excited gauged Q-balls solutions and their properties. A feature of excited gauged Q-balls is acquiring a maximum number excited states and having a maximal size, which we analytically predict via the mapping relation. We show that analytical approximations of the charge and energy, in the thin-wall limit, can be extended to excited gauged Q-balls and discuss the types of instabilities of these states.