2025/12/17 by David J. D. Earn, Gabrielle MacKinnon, Samara Manzin +6 · 2 voices
Medicine · #Communicable disease #Data-Driven Disease Surveillance #Disease surveillance #Government (linguistics) #Incidence (geometry) #Infectious disease (medical specialty) #Notifiable disease #Public health #Public health surveillance #Respiratory viral infections research #Viral Infections and Immunology Research
paper · doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0005550
published in PLOS Global Public Health 5(12), e0005550 (Public Library of Science)
openalex created_date 2025/12/17 · openalex publication_date 2025/12/17 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/31
Canadian notifiable disease surveillance programmes have recorded communicable disease incidence data, dating back to the late 19th century. A Public Health Agency of Canada web-portal provides summaries of these data from 1924-2023, but lacks details on how incidence varies seasonally and geographically among provinces. The sub-annual (weekly, monthly, quarterly) and sub-national (provincial, territorial) data required to study such patterns appear in government documents, but are available only in typewritten or handwritten hard copies. We digitized and collated these sources to make sub-annual and sub-national Canadian disease incidence data conveniently available for researchers. We manually transcribed hard copies into digital spreadsheets resembling the originals, enabling accurate transcription through easier cross-checking. We supplemented these historical data sources with more recent digital spreadsheets obtained directly from two provincial agencies. We standardized and combined these spreadsheets into consistent, machine-readable CSV files containing 1,631,380 incidence values from 1903-2021. Because multiple publications and agencies reproduced case counts from the same surveillance system, and many publications reported the same cases at multiple levels of aggregation, many cases were counted more than once among these 1,631,380 incidence values. We reconciled overlapping counts to produce a dataset containing 934,010 unique incidence values at sub-national and sub-annual scales (829,689 weekly; 567 2-weekly; 82,267 monthly; 20,967 quarterly; 520 3-quarterly) covering 139 diseases stratified by province or territory. We illustrate the value of these sub-annual and sub-national data using two examples: synchronized annual cycles of poliomyelitis across provinces and spatially heterogeneous resurgence of whooping cough in the 1990s. Canada's infectious disease surveillance has produced a detailed record of sub-annual and sub-national disease incidence data that remains largely unexplored. This record is now available as the Canadian Notifiable Disease Incidence Dataset (CANDID), hosted on a publicly accessible website along with code to reproduce it, and scans of the original sources.