2009/03/30 by Stephen Jackson, M. A. Whyte, M. Romano · 63 citations
Earth and Planetary Sciences · #Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology #Geological formations and processes #Evolution and Paleontology Studies #Paleontology #Vertebrate #Key (lock) #Geology #Track (disk drive) #Earth science #Ecology #Biology #Computer science
paper · doi:10.2110/palo.2007.p07-070r
published in Palaios 24(4), 222-238 (Society for Sedimentary Geology)
openalex publication_date 2009/03/30 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/02
Abstract Dinosaur tracks and trackways yield invaluable information as to the identity, size, and gait of the trackmaker and the conditions of the media (=substrate) it traversed. Correctly interpreting tracks requires consideration of their three-dimensional morphology. Laboratory-controlled simulations were conducted to investigate the subsurface track morphology formed from differently shaped feet, as the shape of the footprint deteriorates with depth. A circular, triangular, and a tridactyl dinosaur foot-shaped template, or indenter, were indented vertically into two types of sand, with four moisture contents—dry, 10%, 20%, and saturated. The morphology of all three indenters was preserved most accurately in the moist sand. Tracks in dry and saturated sand were distorted by a greater degree of media deformation. Digit imprints of tridactyl tracks were only clearly discernible in near-surface layers and were deformed by shear zones or inward movement of sediment in dry and saturated sand. The long digits of the template produced the greatest degree of outward displacement, and tracks became wider with depth and deepest in the heel region. This was most distinct in dry sand, where extensive shear zones in cross section demonstrated the outward and upward movement of sediment. All tracks in saturated sand were characterized by considerable downward displacement of sediment and features related to the upward pull of sediment as the templates were withdrawn. These diagnostic features allow vertebrate tracks to be differentiated from nonbiogenic, soft-sediment deformation. Fossil tracks studied from the Middle Jurassic succession of the Cleveland Basin, Yorkshire, demonstrate affinities to the experimental tracks formed in saturated sand.