Does the Hawking effect have the same impact on quantum entanglement and coherence in curved spacetime?

2026/08/03 by Yu-Xuan Wang, Shu-Min Wu, Zhihong Liu

paper · doi:10.1088/1572-9494/ae7e69

crossref created 2026/06/17 · crossref issued 2026/08/03 · crossref published 2026/08/03 · crossref published-online 2026/08/03 · crossref deposited 2026/08/03 · crossref indexed 2026/08/03 · crossref published-print 2026/10/01

Abstract

Abstract We investigate how the Hawking effect reshapes distinct quantum resources of Dirac fields in Schwarzschild spacetime beyond the single-mode approximation. By quantifying quantum entanglement and coherence using the negativity, the l 1 -norm of coherence and the relative entropy of coherence, we observe a significant asymmetry in their response to gravitational effects. While the Hawking effect monotonically degrades entanglement and drives it toward a finite residual value, quantum coherence is instead monotonically amplified with increasing Hawking temperature, revealing the black hole as an effective decohering environment for nonlocal correlations but a coherence-enhancing mechanism for local superposition. Notably, we further find that under the influence of the Hawking effect, the maximally entangled state does not necessarily correspond to the largest initial negativity. In fact, its value may even be smaller than that of certain non-maximally entangled states. Our results demonstrate that gravity acts in a highly nonuniform manner on different facets of quantumness and highlight the necessity of resource-adapted state engineering for relativistic quantum information processing near the event horizon of the black hole.

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