2015/04/24 by Charles Boberg · 1 citation
Social Sciences · Psychology · Arts and Humanities · #Linguistic Variation and Morphology #Phonetics and Phonology Research #Spanish Linguistics and Language Studies #Linguistics #Contrast (vision) #Pronunciation #Vowel #Appeal #Variety (cybernetics) #Phonology #Phonological rule #Sound change #Set (abstract data type) #Word (group theory) #Vowel length #Computer science #Artificial intelligence #Philosophy
paper · doi:10.1002/9781118346952.ch13
openalex publication_date 2015/04/24 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/29
The term “pronunciation” in fact comprises many distinct types of sound difference. They are organized into four levels of analysis. First, this chapter examines matters of phonemic contrast, or the “inventory” of phonemes in each variety. Second, it surveys the phonological rules that cause systematic differences in the incidence of particular phonemes, usually involving context-dependent neutralizations of phonemic contrast. Third, the chapter identifies examples of phonemic incidence that are lexically rather than phonologically conditioned; that is, rather than reflecting the operation of regular phonological rules that appeal to phonological categories, they are best understood as the unique properties of particular words. Fourth, the chapter describes differences in the phonetic quality of phonemes, such as the way the vowel of a word like house or bad or stock is pronounced in different regions of North America. The full set of broad phonemic symbols with their equivalent keywords, is tabulated.