2008/04/30 by J. L. Gaunt, Johannes Lehmann · 4 citations
Engineering · Environmental Science · Chemistry · #Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes #Energy and Environment Impacts #Environmental Impact and Sustainability #Biochar #Bioenergy #Corn stover #Environmental science #Greenhouse gas #Fossil fuel #Biofuel #Energy crop #Energy balance #Carbon sequestration #Pyrolysis #Waste management #Chemistry #Carbon dioxide #Engineering #Ecology
paper · doi:10.1021/es071361i
openalex publication_date 2008/04/30 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/03
The implications for greenhouse gas emissions of optimizing a slow pyrolysis-based bioenergy system for biochar and energy production rather than solely for energy production were assessed. Scenarios for feedstock production were examined using a life-cycle approach. We considered both purpose grown bioenergy crops (BEC) and the use of crop wastes (CW) as feedstocks. The BEC scenarios involved a change from growing winter wheat to purpose grown miscanthus, switchgrass, and corn as bioenergy crops. The CW scenarios consider both corn stover and winter wheat straw as feedstocks. Our findings show that the avoided emissions are between 2 and 5 times greater when biochar is applied to agricultural land (2--19 Mg CO2 ha(-1) y(-1)) than used solely for fossil energy offsets. 41--64% of these emission reductions are related to the retention of C in biochar, the rest to offsetting fossil fuel use for energy, fertilizer savings, and avoided soil emissions other than CO2. Despite a reduction in energy output of approximately 30% where the slow pyrolysis technology is optimized to produce biochar for land application, the energy produced per unit energy input at 2--7 MJ/MJ is greater than that of comparable technologies such as ethanol from corn. The C emissions per MWh of electricity production range from 91-360 kg CO2 MWh(-1), before accounting for C offset due to the use of biochar are considerably below the lifecycle emissions associated with fossil fuel use for electricity generation (600-900 kg CO2 MWh(-1)). Low-temperature slow pyrolysis offers an energetically efficient strategy for bioenergy production, and the land application of biochar reduces greenhouse emissions to a greater extent than when the biochar is used to offset fossil fuel emissions.