2021/08/25 by V. G. Gurzadyan, A. Stepanian
Physics and Astronomy · #Black Holes and Theoretical Physics #Constant (computer programming) #Cosmological constant #Cosmology #Cosmology and Gravitation Theories #Hubble volume #Hubble's law #Metric expansion of space #Newtonian fluid #Relativity and Gravitational Theory #Universe #astro-ph.CO #gr-qc
paper · pdf · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202141736
published as A&A 653, A145 (2021) · 4 pages, 1 figure; A&A (in press); to match the published version
openalex publication_date 2021/08/25 · openalex created_date 2021/08/30 · arxiv created 2021/09/02 · arxiv updated 2021/09/29 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/05
It is shown, from the two independent approaches of McCrea-Milne and of Zeldovich, that one can fully recover the set equations corresponding to the relativistic equations of the expanding universe of Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker geometry. Although similar, the Newtonian and relativistic set of equations have a principal difference in the content and hence define two flows, local and global ones, thus naturally exposing the Hubble tension at the presence of the cosmological constant Λ. From this, we obtain absolute constraints on the lower and upper values for the local Hubble parameter, √(Λc 2 /3) ≃ 56.2 and √(Λc 2 ) ≃ 97.3 (km s −1 Mpc −1 ), respectively. The link to the so-called maximum force–tension issue in cosmological models is revealed.