2020/10/31 by Shuai A. Chen, Jian-Keng Yuan, Peng Ye
Physics and Astronomy · #Charge (physics) #Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates #Hamiltonian (control theory) #Mathematical physics #Noether's theorem #Path integral formulation #Physics #Quantum #Quantum many-body systems #Quantum mechanics #Quantum, superfluid, helium dynamics #Quasiparticle #Superconductivity #Superfluidity #Vortex #cond-mat.quant-gas #cond-mat.str-el #hep-th
paper · pdf · doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.3.013226
published as Phys. Rev. Research 3, 013226 (2021) · See also: arXiv:1911.02876
arxiv created 2021/03/09 · openalex publication_date 2021/03/09 · arxiv updated 2021/03/12 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/05
As a series of work about "fractonic superfluids," in this paper, we develop an exotic fractonic superfluid phase in d-dimensional space where subdimensional particles-their mobility is partially restricted-are condensed. The off-diagonal long range order (ODLRO) is investigated. To demonstrate, we consider "lineons"-a subdimensional particle whose mobility is free only in certain one-dimensional directions. We start with a d-component microscopic Hamiltonian model. The model respects a higher-rank symmetry such that both particle numbers of each component and angular charge moments are conserved quantities. By performing the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov approximation, we derive a set of Gross-Pitaevskii equations and a Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) Hamiltonian, which leads to a description of both condensed components and unification of gapless phonons and gapped rotons. With the coherent-path-integral representation, we also derive the longwavelength effective field theory of gapless Goldstone modes and analyze quantum fluctuations around classical ground states. The Euler-Lagrange equations and Noether charges/currents are also studied. In two spatial dimensions and higher, such an ODLRO stays stable against quantum fluctuations. Finally, we study vortex configurations. The higher-rank symmetry enforces a hierarchy of thermal vortex excitations whose structures are dominated by two guiding statements. Specially, we construct two types of vortex excitations, the conventional and dipole vortices. The latter carries a charge with dimension as a momentum. The two statements can be more generally applicable. Further perspectives are discussed.