2026/03/19 by Esteban Garces Arias, Nurzhan Sapargali, Christian Heumann +1
#cs.CL #cs.LG #stat.ML
Why does machine-generated text remain detectable? We trace the answer to the decoding stage: standard strategies such as top-k and nucleus sampling restrict generation to high-probability tokens, while human writers routinely choose words that are contextually apt yet rank low under a model's next-token distribution. Truncation therefore renders a measurable share of human word choices unreachable; we call this set the truncation blind spot. Across five open models and three domains, 8--18% of human-selected tokens fall outside common truncation boundaries, with content words excluded at 2.9 times the rate of function words. As a consequence, simple classifiers using two features separate 1.8 million machine generations from human text at mean AUC-ROC near 0.97, and detectability tracks truncation intensity rather than model scale, architecture, or alignment. Probability-floor samplers substantially narrow the blind spot, and generation experiments confirm the exclusion--detectability link out of sample. Code, data, and the measurement harness are released at https://github.com/EstebanGarces/humanvsmachine.