2019/02/20 by Colin Scheibner, Anton Souslov, Debarghya Banerjee +4 · 1 citation
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · Engineering · Physics and Astronomy · #Advanced Materials and Mechanics #Antisymmetric relation #Cellular Mechanics and Interactions #Classical mechanics #Elastic modulus #Elasticity (physics) #Isotropy #Mathematical physics #Mechanics #Micro and Nano Robotics #Moduli #Optics #Physics #Quantum mechanics #Quasistatic process #Thermodynamics #cond-mat.soft
paper · pdf · doi:10.1038/s41567-020-0795-y
published as Nature Physics 16, 475-480(2020) · 15 pages including Supplementary Information, 5 figures. See https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLnzJw7B7T8cIc1EjLVq3AU_hOe1PEAdt9 for Supplementary Movies
arxiv created 2019/02/20 · openalex created_date 2019/03/02 · openalex publication_date 2020/03/02 · arxiv updated 2020/04/08 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/06
Hooke's law states that the forces or stresses experienced by an elastic object are proportional to the applied deformations or strains. The number of coefficients of proportionality between stress and strain, i.e., the elastic moduli, is constrained by energy conservation. In this Letter, we lift this restriction and generalize linear elasticity to active media with non-conservative microscopic interactions that violate mechanical reciprocity. This generalized framework, which we dub odd elasticity, reveals that two additional moduli can exist in a two-dimensional isotropic solid with active bonds. Such an odd-elastic solid can be regarded as a distributed engine: work is locally extracted, or injected, during quasi-static cycles of deformation. Using continuum equations, coarse-grained microscopic models, and numerical simulations, we uncover phenomena ranging from activity-induced auxetic behavior to wave propagation powered by self-sustained active elastic cycles. Besides providing insights beyond existing hydrodynamic theories of active solids, odd elasticity suggests design principles for emergent autonomous materials.