2019/11/30 by Enrico Peretti, Pasquale Blasi, F. Aharonian +3
Physics and Astronomy · #Active galactic nucleus #Astronomy #Astrophysics #Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena #Cosmic ray #Flux (metallurgy) #Galaxy #Neutrino #Neutrino Physics Research #Nuclear physics #Physics #Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology #Redshift #Star formation #Supernova #astro-ph.HE
paper · pdf · doi:10.1093/mnras/staa698
Version accepted for publication in MNRAS, 13 pages, 5 figures
openalex publication_date 2020/03/10 · arxiv created 2020/03/25 · arxiv updated 2020/03/26 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/05
ABSTRACT In nuclei of starburst galaxies (SBGs), the combination of an enhanced rate of supernova explosions and a high gas density suggests that cosmic rays (CRs) can be efficiently produced, and that most of them lose their energy before escaping these regions, resulting in a large flux of secondary products, including neutrinos. Although the flux inferred from an individual starburst region is expected to be well below the sensitivity of current neutrino telescopes, such sources may provide a substantial contribution to the diffuse neutrino flux measured by IceCube. Here, we compute the gamma-ray and neutrino flux due to SBGs based on a physical model of CR transport in a starburst nucleus, and accounting for the redshift evolution of the number density of starburst sources as inferred from recent measurements of the star formation rate. The model accounts for gamma-ray absorption both inside the sources and in the intergalactic medium. The latter process is responsible for electromagnetic cascades, which also contribute to the diffuse gamma-ray background at lower energies. The conditions for acceleration of CR protons up to energies exceeding ∼ 10 \rm PeV in starburst regions, necessary for the production of PeV neutrinos, are investigated in a critical way. We show that starburst nuclei can account for the diffuse neutrino flux above ∼ 200 \rm TeV, thereby producing \lesssim 40 \rm per cent of the extragalactic diffuse gamma-ray background. Below ∼ 200 \rm TeV, the flux from starburst appears to be somewhat lower than the observed one, where both the Galactic contribution and the flux of atmospheric neutrinos may account for the difference.