Beyond NISQ: The Megaquop Machine

2025/02/24 by John Preskill · 4 voices · 50 citations
Computer Science · #Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms #Computer science #Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture

paper · pdf · doi:10.1145/3723153

published in ACM Transactions on Quantum Computing 6(3), 1-7 (Association for Computing Machinery)

openalex publication_date 2025/03/12 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/05

Abstract

Today’s Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers have scientific value, but quantum machines with broad practical value must be protected against noise using quantum error correction and fault-tolerant protocols. Recent studies of quantum error correction on actual hardware are opening a new era of quantum information processing. Error-corrected computers capable of performing one million quantum operations or more may be realized soon, raising a compelling question for the quantum community: What are the potential uses of these megaquop machines?

Citations

• Interferometric single-shot parity measurement in InAs–Al hybrid devices
• Fault-tolerant quantum computation with a neutral atom processor
• Quantum error correction below the surface code threshold

Cited by

• Encoding Choices and Fault-Tolerant Resource Estimates for Digital Quantum Hamiltonian Descent
• Quantum-classical crossover in fault-tolerant quantum dynamics simulation
• Full Extractors for Logical Processing in Hypergraph Product Codes
• Mind the gaps: The fraught road to quantum advantage
• Awesome Quantum Computing Experiments: Benchmarking Experimental Progress Towards Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computation
• Realizing Error Suppression in Partially Fault-Tolerant Quantum Simulations with IBM Quantum Computers
• Claim against Measurement: Statistical Artefacts in Quantum Error Mitigation Benchmarks
• Ising on the donut: Regimes of topological quantum error correction from statistical mechanics
• Quantum Advantage in Resource Estimation
• QASER: Breaking the Depth vs. Accuracy Trade-Off for Quantum Architecture Search
• ReQISC: A Reconfigurable Quantum Computer Microarchitecture and Compiler Co-Design
• The Fast for the Curious: How to accelerate fault-tolerant quantum applications
• Efficient magic state cultivation with lattice surgery
• An Analytic Theory of Quantum Imaginary Time Evolution
• Classical Noise Inversion for Error-Propagatable Circuits with Minimal Overhead under General Gate-Dependent Noise
• Measurement-Based Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computation on High-Connectivity Devices: A Resource-Efficient Approach toward Early FTQC
• Extending coherence time beyond break-even point using only drives and dissipation
• Quantum lattice Boltzmann algorithm for heat transfer with phase change
• PALQO: Physics-informed Model for Accelerating Large-scale Quantum Optimization
• Transversal architecture for megaquop-scale quantum simulation with neutral atoms
• Borrowing Dirty Qubits in Quantum Programs
• Robustness of quantum algorithms: Worst-case fidelity bounds and implications for design
• Artificial intelligence for representing and characterizing quantum systems
• Architecting Distributed Quantum Computers: Design Insights from Resource Estimation
• Brace for impact: ECDLP challenges for quantum cryptanalysis
• Characterization of syndrome-dependent logical noise in detector regions
• Resource-Efficient Cross-Platform Verification with Modular Superconducting Devices
• Tangent Space Excitation Ansatz for Quantum Circuits
• Towards the Characterization of Logical Errors in Distributed Lattice Surgery
• STABSim: A Parallelized Clifford Simulator with Features Beyond Direct Simulation
• A Fundamental Bound for Robust Quantum Gate Control
• Running Quantum Computers in Discovery Mode
• Performance-centric roadmap for building a superconducting quantum computer
• Stochastic Quantum Spiking Neural Networks with Quantum Memory and Local Learning
• A Perspective on Quantum Computing Applications in Quantum Chemistry using 25--100 Logical Qubits
• Noise tolerance via reinforcement: Learning a reinforced quantum dynamics
• Near-term Application Engineering Challenges in Emerging Superconducting Qudit Processors
• Deep-learned error mitigation via partially knitted circuits for the variational quantum eigensolver
• Quantum Compiler Design for Qubit Mapping and Routing: A Cross-Architectural Survey of Superconducting, Trapped-Ion, and Neutral Atom Systems
• In the shadow of the Hadamard test: Using the garbage state for good and further modifications
• Introducing Quantum Computing to High-School Curricula: A Global Perspective
• Quantum computing with atomic qubit arrays: confronting the cost of connectivity
• Unlocking early fault-tolerant quantum computing with mitigated magic dilution
• Opportunities and challenges in scaling quantum error detection on hardware
• Impact of molecular orbital localization on quantum computational resources for Hamiltonian simulation: A benchmark study of hydrogen chain systems
• Reducing quantum error correction overhead using soft information
• Optimized Clifford Noise Reduction: Theory, Simulations and Experiments
• Direct entanglement ansatz learning (DEAL) with ZNE on error-prone superconducting qubits
• Quantum error correction with global control
• Fault tolerant quantum computing [wikipedia]

Discussions

• I have been encouraged to publish my talk at Q2B 2024. It's @arxiv-quant-ph.bsky.social today. arxiv.org/abs/2502.17368 [bsky, 36 points, 0 comments]
• "Today’s Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers have scientific value, but quantum machines with broad practical value must be protected against noise using quantum error correction and fau [bsky, 17 points, 1 comments]
• After the smash hit debut album "NISQ", @preskill.bsky.social releases his long-awaited sophomore project "Megaquop". Critics laud the forward thinking and maturity evident in this release but wonde [bsky, 15 points, 0 comments]
• Beyond NISQ: The Megaquop Machine [hn, 1 points, 0 comments]

Related

• Quantum Computing in the NISQ era and beyond
• Where are we heading with NISQ?
• Mind the gaps: The fraught road to quantum advantage
• 5 Year Update to the Next Steps in Quantum Computing
• Quantum Computing -- A new scientific revolution in the making