2014/06/02 by K. A. Birnie, Kathryn A. Birnie, Mélanie Noël +11
Dentistry · Medicine · Neuroscience · Psychology · #Alternative medicine #Clinical psychology #Dental Anxiety and Anesthesia Techniques #Distraction #Distress #Hypnosis #Internal medicine #Intervention (counseling) #Medicine #Meta-analysis #Pain Management and Placebo Effect #Pediatric Pain Management Techniques #Physical therapy #Psychiatry #Psychological intervention #Psychology #Randomized controlled trial #Surgery
paper · pdf · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsu029
crossref issued 2014/06/02 · crossref published 2014/06/02 · crossref published-online 2014/06/02 · openalex publication_date 2014/06/02 · crossref created 2014/06/02 · crossref published-print 2014/09/01 · crossref deposited 2017/08/24 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · crossref indexed 2026/08/03 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/04
OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the evidence (and quality) for distraction and hypnosis for needle-related pain and distress in children and adolescents. To explore the effects of distraction characteristics (e.g., adult involvement, type of distracter), child age, and study risk of bias on treatment efficacy. METHODS: 26 distraction and 7 hypnosis trials were included and self-report, observer-report, and behavioral pain intensity and distress examined. Distraction studies were coded for 4 intervention characteristics, and all studies coded for child age and study risk of bias. RESULTS: Findings showed strong support for distraction and hypnosis for reducing pain and distress from needle procedures. The quality of available evidence was low, however. Characteristics of distraction interventions, child age, and study risk of bias showed some influence on treatment efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: Distraction and hypnosis are efficacious in reducing needle-related pain and distress in children. The quality of trials in this area needs to be improved.