2023/02/28 by Aamir Sahil Chandroth, Chandroth, Aamir Sahil, Nithya Ramakrishnan +3
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · Physics and Astronomy · Social Sciences · #Evolution and Genetic Dynamics #Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation #FOS: Biological sciences #Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence #Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE) #Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2302.14778
openalex publication_date 2023/02/28 · openalex created_date 2023/03/03 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
When biological communities use signaling structures for complex coordination, 'free-riders' emerge. The free-riding agents do not contribute to the community resources (signals), but exploit them. Most models of such 'selfish' behavior consider free-riding as evolving through mutation and selection. Over generations, the mutation -- which is considered to create a stable trait -- spreads through the population. This can lead to a version of the 'Tragedy of the Commons', where the community's coordination resource gets fully depleted or deteriorated. In contrast to this evolutionary view, we present a reinforcement learning model, which shows that both signaling-based coordination and free-riding behavior can emerge within a generation, through learning based on energy minimisation. Further, we show that there can be two types of free-riding, and both of these are not stable traits, but dynamic 'coagulations' of agent-environment interactions. Our model thus shows how different kinds of selfish behavior can emerge through self-organization, and suggests that the idea of selfishness as a stable trait presumes a model based on mutations. We conclude with a discussion of some social and policy implications of our model.