Compaction during fragmentation and bouncing produces realistic dust grain porosities in protoplanetary discs

2024/06/21 by Stéphane Michoulier, Jean-François Gonzalez, Daniel J. Price · 1 voice · 17 citations
Engineering · Physics and Astronomy · #Astro and Planetary Science #Astrophysics #Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies #Compaction #Composite material #Computer science #Fragmentation (computing) #Materials science #Mechanics #Physics #Planet #Planetesimal #Space Exploration and Technology #astro-ph.EP #astro-ph.GA #astro-ph.SR

paper · pdf · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202449719

published in Astronomy and Astrophysics 688, A31 (EDP Sciences)

arxiv published 2024/06/21 · arxiv updated 2024/06/21 · openalex publication_date 2024/06/27 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/05

Abstract

Context . In protoplanetary discs, micron-sized dust grows to form millimetre- to centimetre-sized pebbles but encounters several barriers during its evolution. Collisional fragmentation and radial drift impede further dust growth to planetesimal size. Fluffy grains have been hypothesised to solve these problems. While porosity leads to faster grain growth, the implied porosity values obtained from previous simulations were larger than suggested by observations. Aims . In this paper, we study the influence of porosity on dust evolution, taking into account growth, bouncing, fragmentation, compaction, rotational disruption, and snow lines, in order to understand their impact on dust evolution. Methods . We developed a module for porosity evolution for the 3D smoothed particle hydrodynamics code P HANTOM that accounts for dust growth and fragmentation. This mono-disperse model is integrated into both a 1D code and the 3D code to capture the overall evolution of dust and gas. Results . We show that porosity helps dust growth and leads to the formation of larger solids than when considering compact grains, as predicted by previous work. Our simulations taking into account compaction during fragmentation show that large millimetre grains are still formed but are ten to 100 times more compact. Thus, millimetre sizes with typical filling factors of ~0.1 match the values measured on comets or via polarimetric observations of protoplanetary discs.

Citations

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Discussions

• It's paper day! This is the big paper from Stéphane Michoulier's PhD thesis. Stéphane improved our dust grain porosity evolution model for protoplanetary disks by adding fragmentation and most importa [bsky, 0 points, 1 comments]

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