2018/08/31 by Jaagup Ainsalu, Ville Arffman, Mauro Bellone +21 · 2 citations
Engineering · #Advanced Battery Technologies Research #Advancements in Battery Materials #Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure #Electrification #Public transport #Work (physics) #Automation #State (computer science) #Transport engineering #Service (business) #Business #Efficient energy use #Engineering #Environmental economics #Computer science #Electricity #Marketing #Economics #Electrical engineering
paper · doi:10.3390/su10093118
openalex publication_date 2018/08/31 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/30
Urban transportation in the next few decades will shift worldwide toward electrification and automation, with the final aim of increasing energy efficiency and safety for passengers. Such a big change requires strong collaboration and efforts among public administration, research and stakeholders in developing, testing and promoting these technologies in public transportation. Working in this direction, this work provides a review of the impact of the introduction of driverless electric minibuses, for the first and last mile transportation, in public service. More specifically, this paper covers the state of the art in terms of technological background for automation, energy efficiency via electrification and the current state of the legal framework in Europe with a focus on the Baltic Sea Region.