2002/05/01 by Marthe R. Gold, David K. Stevenson, Dennis G. Fryback · 1 citation
Economics, Econometrics and Finance · Health Professions · Medicine · Psychology · #Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life #Global Health Care Issues #Healthcare Policy and Management #Quality-adjusted life year #Population #Quality of life (healthcare) #Disability-adjusted life year #Variance (accounting) #Burden of disease #Demography #Environmental health #Medicine #Psychology #Gerontology #Cost effectiveness #Risk analysis (engineering) #Sociology #Economics
paper · doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.23.100901.140513
openalex publication_date 2002/05/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/05
Health-adjusted life years (HALYs) are population health measures permitting morbidity and mortality to be simultaneously described within a single number. They are useful for overall estimates of burden of disease, comparisons of the relative impact of specific illnesses and conditions on communities, and in economic analyses. Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) are types of HALYs whose original purposes were at variance. Their growing importance and the varied uptake of the methodology by different U.S. and international entities makes it useful to understand their differences as well as their similarities. A brief history of both measures is presented and methods for calculating them are reviewed. Methodological and ethical issues that have been raised in association with HALYs more generally are presented. Finally, we raise concerns about the practice of using different types of HALYs within different decision-making contexts and urge action that builds and clarifies this useful measurement field.