Aerobic and Anaerobic Swimming Performance of Individual Atlantic Cod
2000/01/15 by S. P. Reidy, Shannon P. Reidy, S. R. Kerr +2 · 390 citations
Agricultural and Biological Sciences · Environmental Science · Medicine · #Aerobic capacity #Anaerobic exercise #Animal science #Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth #Atlantic cod #Biology #Environmental science #Fish <Actinopterygii> #Fish Ecology and Management Studies #Fishery #Gadus #Medicine #Physical therapy #Physiological and biochemical adaptations #Physiology #Sprint
paper · doi:10.1242/jeb.203.2.347
published in Journal of Experimental Biology 203(2), 347-357 (The Company of Biologists)
openalex publication_date 2000/01/15 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/06/26
Abstract
Individual Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) were exercised using three different measures of swimming performance. (1) An endurance test (critical swimming speed, U(crit), protocol) designed to assess predominantly aerobic endurance swimming (duration hours). (2) An acceleration test (U(burst)), in which the fish were required to swim against a rapidly increasing current until exhausted (duration minutes). This test was designed to assess predominantly glycolytic-based swimming capacity. (3) A sprint test that examined the animals' ability to swim away from a sudden stimulus (duration seconds). Rates of oxygen consumption ( mdot (O2)) during the endurance test and various morphological variables of the individual fish were also measured. Both aerobic and anaerobic swimming performance of individual cod were found to be significantly repeatable over a 3 month period. mdot (O2) during the U(crit) protocol was also significantly repeatable at intermediate to high swimming speeds, but not at low speeds. Our results support extrapolation from metabolic rates at incremented swimming speeds to zero activity as the best way to measure standard metabolic rate in cod. While performance in the U(crit) test and the sprint test were positively correlated, there was a negative correlation between performance in the U(crit) test and performance in the U(burst) test. This implies a potential trade-off in individual cod between stamina and the ability to use glycolytic-based locomotion. Inter-individual variation in swimming performance during these protocols, while substantial, was not correlated with individual variation in fin surface areas, age or morphology. However, U(burst) performance was dependent upon the sex of the animals, while performance during the U(crit) protocol was significantly correlated with their aerobic scope for activity.
Cited by
- Pacific Cod metabolism and swimming performance are similar across temperatures following prolonged thermal acclimation
- Effects of captive-breeding conditions on metabolic and performance traits in an endangered, endemic cyprinidontiform fish
- The interactive effects of exercise and gill remodeling in goldfish (Carassius auratus)
- Use of videos to measure dynamic body acceleration as a proxy for metabolic costs in coral reef damselfish (Chromis viridis)
- Tradeoffs and the evolution of thermal reaction norms
- Differences in swimming performance and energetic costs between an endangered native toothcarp (Aphanius iberus) and an invasive mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki)
- Tolerance threshold of a pelagic species in China to total dissolved gas supersaturation: from the perspective of survival characteristics and swimming ability
- Critical swimming speeds of late-stage coral reef fish larvae: variation within species, among species and between locations
- Habitat-specific locomotor variation among Chinese hook snout carp (Opsariichthys bidens) along a river. [europepmc]
- Methods matter: considering locomotory mode and respirometry technique when estimating metabolic rates of fishes. [europepmc]
- Fine-scale foraging movements by fish-eating killer whales ( Orcinus orca ) relate to the vertical distributions and escape responses of salmonid prey ( Oncorhynchus spp.). [europepmc]
- Could resistance to lactate accumulation contribute to the better swimming performance of Brycon amazonicus when compared to Colossoma macropomum ? [europepmc]
- Physiological constraint on acrobatic courtship behavior underlies rapid sympatric speciation in bearded manakins. [europepmc]
- A distance-performance trade-off in the phenotypic basis of dispersal. [europepmc]
- The effect of climate change on the escape kinematics and performance of fishes: implications for future predator-prey interactions. [europepmc]
- The Effect of Acute Erythromycin Exposure on the Swimming Ability of Zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) and Medaka ( Oryzias latipes ). [europepmc]
- Oxygen consumption of drift-feeding rainbow trout: the energetic tradeoff between locomotion and feeding in flow. [europepmc]
- Key factors explaining critical swimming speed in freshwater fish: a review and statistical analysis for Iberian species. [europepmc]
- Size-related effects and the influence of metabolic traits and morphology on swimming performance in fish. [europepmc]
- One size does not fit all: inter- and intraspecific variation in the swimming performance of contrasting freshwater fish. [europepmc]
- Intraspecific differences in metabolic rates shape carbon stable isotope trophic discrimination factors of muscle tissue in the common teleost Eurasian perch ( Perca fluviatilis ). [europepmc]
- Post-exercise respirometry underestimates maximum metabolic rate in juvenile salmon. [europepmc]
- Effects of Aerobic Exercise Training on the Growth, Swimming Performance, Antipredation Ability and Immune Parameters of Juvenile Rock Carp ( Procypris rabaudi ). [europepmc]
- Sex-Specific and Long-Term Impacts of Early-Life Venlafaxine Exposure in Zebrafish. [europepmc]
- The interaction between metabolic rate, habitat choice, and resource use in a polymorphic freshwater species. [europepmc]
- Effect of total dissolved gas supersaturation and flow velocity on survival and swimming ability of juvenile Schizothorax prenanti . [europepmc]
- Tolerance threshold of a pelagic species in China to total dissolved gas supersaturation: from the perspective of survival characteristics and swimming ability. [europepmc]
- Estimating maximum oxygen uptake of fishes during swimming and following exhaustive chase - different results, biological bases and applications. [europepmc]
- Decoding burst swimming performance: a scaling perspective on time-to-fatigue. [europepmc]
- Use of videos to measure dynamic body acceleration as a proxy for metabolic costs in coral reef damselfish (Chromis viridis). [europepmc]
- Pacific Cod metabolism and swimming performance are similar across temperatures following prolonged thermal acclimation. [europepmc]
- Links between mitochondrial function, whole-animal metabolic rate, telomere dynamics and swimming performance in minnows. [europepmc]
- Effects of Starvation on Growth Characteristics, Locomotor Performance, Foraging Behavior, and Hypoxia Tolerance in Chinese Giant Salamander (Andrias davidianus) Larvae [europepmc]
Related