2013/08/01 by James A. Anderson · 1 citation
Social Sciences · #Vietnamese History and Culture Studies #Chinese history and philosophy #Hong Kong and Taiwan Politics #Vietnamese #China #Elite #Empire #Context (archaeology) #Frontier #Political science #Political economy #Sociology #History #Law #Politics #Philosophy #Linguistics
paper · pdf · doi:10.1017/s1598240800003933
openalex publication_date 2013/08/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/31
Premodern Sino-Vietnamese relations may be described by three systems of engagement that I have labeled Strong China/Weak Vietnam, Weak China/Strong Vietnam, and Strong China/Strong Vietnam. These three states of interaction appear at various points, beginning with Vietnamese encounters with the Qin empire (221–206 b.c.e.) through the early modern era. Brantly Womack has already described the historical Sino-Vietnamese relationship as politically “asymmetrical” with China playing the strongman role, and the three relational equilibriums described here do not contradict Womack's thesis. Instead, I explore how the generally asymmetrical states of affairs were molded by historical context and the specific ambitions of elite in the frontier region. While the general conditions of the Sino-Vietnamese relationship were asymmetrical, the choices available to Chinese and Vietnamese leaders in different periods varied widely.