Hypothalamic and brainstem neuronal circuits controlling homeostatic energy balance

2013/11/12 by Marc Schneeberger, Ramon Gomis, Ramón Gomis +1 · 27 citations
Neuroscience · Medicine · #Regulation of Appetite and Obesity #Adipose Tissue and Metabolism #Circadian rhythm and melatonin

paper · pdf · doi:10.1530/joe-13-0398

Abstract

Alterations in adequate energy balance maintenance result in serious metabolic disturbances such as obesity. In mammals, this complex process is orchestrated by multiple and distributed neuronal circuits. Hypothalamic and brainstem neuronal circuits are critically involved in the sensing of circulating and local factors conveying information about the energy status of the organism. The integration of these signals culminates in the generation of specific and coordinated physiological responses aimed at regulating energy balance through the modulation of appetite and energy expenditure. In this article, we review current knowledge on the homeostatic regulation of energy balance, emphasizing recent advances in mouse genetics, electrophysiology, and optogenetic techniques that have greatly contributed to improving our understanding of this central process.

Citations

• Selective Loss of Leptin Receptors in the Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus Results in Increased Adiposity and a Metabolic Syndrome
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