2017/09/20 by Momoko Igawa, Makoto Kato · 1 citation
Environmental Science · Earth and Planetary Sciences · #Crustacean biology and ecology #Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies #Marine Biology and Ecology Research #Hermit crab #Mutualism (biology) #Biology #Anomura #Obligate #Symbiodinium #Ecology #Decapoda #Crustacean #Coral #Commensalism #Symbiosis
paper · pdf · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0184311
openalex publication_date 2017/09/20 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/09
Symbiont shift is rare in obligate mutualisms because both the partners are reciprocally dependent on and specialized to each other. In the obligate accommodation-transportation mutualism between walking corals and sipunculans, however, an unusual saltatory symbiont shift was discovered. In shallow waters of southern Japan, an undescribed hermit crab species was found living in corallums of solitary scleractinian corals of the genera Heterocyathus and Heteropsammia, replacing the usual sipunculan symbiont. We described the hermit crab as a new species Diogenes heteropsammicola (Decapoda, Anomura, Diogenidae), and explored its association with the walking corals. This hermit crab species obligately inhabits the coiled cavity of the corals, and was easily distinguished from other congeneric species by the exceedingly slender chelipeds and ambulatory legs, and the symmetrical telson. Observations of behavior in aquaria showed that the new hermit crab, like the sipunculan, carries the host coral and prevents the coral from being buried. This is an interesting case in which an organism phylogenetically distant from Sipuncula takes over the symbiotic role in association with a walking coral. The hermit crab species is unique in that its lodging is a living solitary coral that grows with the hermit crab in an accommodation-transportation mutualism.