2006/05/04 by James C. Carolan, Ingrid Hook, Mark W. Chase +2 · 1 citation
Agricultural and Biological Sciences · Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · #Plant Diversity and Evolution #Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies #Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions #Biology #Monophyly #Papaver #Intergenic region #Botany #Clade #Molecular phylogenetics #Phylogenetic tree #Ribosomal DNA #Evolutionary biology #Genetics #Gene #Genome
paper · pdf · doi:10.1093/aob/mcl079
openalex publication_date 2006/05/04 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/06/16
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Representatives from Papaver, Roemeria, Stylomecon and Meconopsis were studied to elucidate phylogenetic relationships between Papaver and these closely allied genera. METHODS: Two molecular data sets were used individually and combined and included sequences from the internally transcribed spacer region (ITS) of 18S-26S nuclear ribosomal DNA and the trnL intron and the trnL-trnF intergenic spacer region of plastid DNA. KEY RESULTS: Parsimony analysis demonstrated that the genus is not monophyletic unless the closely related Roemeria, Stylomecon and Meconopsis cambrica are included in a revised circumscription of Papaver. Three distinct clades are resolved in a combined ITS and trnL-F analysis. Clade 1 consists of Papaver sect. Meconella and Asian Meconopsis. Clade 2 contains a group here identified as Papaver s.s., comprising sections Carinatae, Meconidium, Oxytona, Papaver, Pilosa, Pseudopilosa and Rhoeadium. Clade 3 consists of Papaver sect. Argemonidium and Roemeria refracta. A number of diagnostic indels support these groupings. Within clade 2, sects. Papaver and Rhoeadium are either not monophyletic or lack evidence supporting their monophyly. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this molecular analysis indicate that a number of morphological characters such as valvate capsule dehiscence, dark or light filaments and sessile stigmatic discs have arisen in parallel. The phylogenetic trees are incongruent with the existing taxonomy of Papaver, and a revised classification is suggested.