2012/05/09 by Corey Gerving, C. S. Gerving, Thai M. Hoang +8 · 2 citations
Computer Science · Physics and Astronomy · #Bose–Einstein condensate #Classical mechanics #Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates #Parameter space #Phase space #Physics #Quantum #Quantum Information and Cryptography #Quantum decoherence #Quantum many-body systems #Quantum mechanics #Spin (aerodynamics) #Statistical physics #Thermodynamics #cond-mat.quant-gas #quant-ph
paper · pdf · doi:10.1038/ncomms2179
Main text 6 pages, 5 figures; Supplement 4 pages, 1 figure
arxiv created 2012/05/09 · openalex publication_date 2012/10/25 · arxiv updated 2017/07/03 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/05
A pendulum prepared perfectly inverted and motionless is a prototype of unstable equilibria and corresponds to an unstable hyperbolic fixed point in the dynamical phase space. Unstable fixed points are central to understanding Hamiltonian chaos in classical systems. In many-body quantum systems, mean-field approximations fail in the vicinity of unstable fixed points and lead to dynamics driven by quantum fluctuations. Here, we measure the non-equilibrium dynamics of a many-body quantum pendulum initialized to a hyperbolic fixed point of the phase space. The experiment uses a spin-1 Bose condensate, which exhibits Josephson dynamics in the spin populations that correspond in the mean-field limit to motion of a non-rigid mechanical pendulum. The condensate is initialized to a minimum uncertainty spin state, and quantum fluctuations lead to non-linear spin evolution along a separatrix and non-Gaussian probability distributions that are measured to be in good agreement with exact quantum calculations up to 0.25 s. At longer times, atomic loss due to the finite lifetime of the condensate leads to larger spin oscillation amplitudes compared to no loss case as orbits depart from the separatrix. This demonstrates how decoherence of a many-body system can result in more apparent coherent behaviour. This experiment provides new avenues for studying macroscopic spin systems in the quantum limit and for investigations of important topics in non-equilibrium quantum dynamics.