2016/05/08 by Hong Xiang, Lixin Ge, Liang Liu +4 · 25 citations
Engineering · Materials Science · Mathematics · Physics and Astronomy · #Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies #Antenna (radio) #Classical mechanics #Computational physics #Computer science #Condensed matter physics #Dipole #Inductance #Magnetic dipole #Magnetic moment #Mathematics #Metamaterial #Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications #Method of moments (probability theory) #Microwave #Moment (physics) #Optics #Physics #Plasma #Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research #Quantum mechanics #Realization (probability) #Telecommunications #Toroid #Voltage #cond-mat.mes-hall #physics.optics
paper · pdf · doi:10.1103/physrevb.95.045403
published in Physical review. B./Physical review. B 95(4) (American Physical Society) · 21 pages, 6 figures
arxiv created 2016/05/08 · openalex created_date 2016/06/24 · openalex publication_date 2017/01/03 · arxiv updated 2017/01/11 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/05
It is well known that a closed loop of magnetic dipoles can give rise to the rather elusive toroidal moment. However, artificial structures required to generate the necessary magnetic moments in metamaterials are typically optically large, complex to make, and easily compromised by the kinetic inductance at high frequencies. Instead of using magnetic dipoles, we propose a minimal model based on just three aligned discrete electric dipoles in which the occurrence of resonant toroidal modes is guaranteed by symmetry. The advantage of this model is its simplicity and the same model supports toroidal moments from the microwave regime up to optical frequencies as exemplified by a three-antenna array and a system consisting of three nanosized plasmonic particles. Both the microwave and high-frequency configurations exhibit nonradiating ``anapoles.'' Experiments in the microwave regime confirm the theoretical predictions.