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Health disparities between genderqueer, transgender, and cisgender individuals: An extension of minority stress theory.

2019/03/21 by G. Tyler Lefevor, Caroline C. Boyd-Rogers, Brianna M. Sprague +1 · 415 citations
Psychology · #Anxiety #Clinical psychology #Distress #Gender studies #Intersectionality #LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy #Mental health #Minority stress #Psychiatry #Psychoanalysis #Psychology #Sexual minority #Sexual orientation #Social psychology #Sociology #Stalking #Stressor #Transgender

paper · doi:10.1037/cou0000339

published in Journal of Counseling Psychology 66(4), 385-395 (American Psychological Association)

openalex publication_date 2019/03/21 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/02

Abstract

Interpersonal, social, and structural stressors have been identified as key elements that explain health disparities between transgender and cisgender individuals. However, most of this research has focused on binary transgender individuals or has not differentiated between binary and nonbinary individuals; little research has examined the experiences of minority stress or health of those identifying outside the gender binary. Guided by intersectionality and drawing on a sample of 3,568 college students from the Center for Collegiate Mental Health's 2012-2016 database-of whom 892 identified outside the gender binary-we conducted analyses of demographic and outcome measures administered in participants' 1st counseling appointment, examining differences between cisgender, transgender, and genderqueer individuals. We found that genderqueer individuals were harassed, sexually abused, and subjected to traumatic events at higher rates than were either cisgender or binary transgender individuals, with approximately 50% of genderqueer individuals reporting one of these experiences. We found that genderqueer individuals experienced more anxiety, depression, psychological distress, and eating concerns than did binary transgender and cisgender individuals and more social anxiety than did cisgender individuals. Genderqueer individuals more frequently reported self-harm and suicidality than did any other group, with approximately 2/3 of participants' having contemplated and nearly 50% making a suicide attempt. We extend current theorizing about minority stress (Hendricks & Testa, 2012; Meyer, 2003) to include genderqueer individuals and delineate several structural aspects of genderqueer experiences that may be responsible for these trends, including others' lack of knowledge about genderqueer experiences and pronouns, poor access to legal and medical resources, and systemic discrimination. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

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