The hostile media phenomenon: Biased perception and perceptions of media bias in coverage of the Beirut massacre.

1985/01/01 by Robert P. Vallone, Lee Ross, Mark R. Lepper · 775 citations
Psychology · Social Sciences · #Jewish and Middle Eastern Studies #Media bias #Middle East Politics and Society #Middle East and Rwanda Conflicts #Perception #Phenomenon #Political science #Politics #Psychology #Social perception #Social psychology

paper · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.49.3.577

published in Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 49(3), 577-585 (American Psychological Association (APA))

crossref issued 1985/01/01 · crossref published 1985/01/01 · crossref published-online 1985/01/01 · openalex publication_date 1985/01/01 · crossref created 2005/09/15 · crossref deposited 2024/02/06 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/23 · crossref indexed 2026/07/23

Cited by

• Partisan Differences in Opinionated News Perceptions: A Test of the Hostile Media Effect
• The Affective Underpinnings of Hostile Media Perceptions
• Elaboration of the Hostile Media Phenomenon
• A Self-Categorization Explanation for the Hostile Media Effect
• Social Identity Precursors to the Hostile Media Phenomenon: Partisan Perceptions of Coverage of the Bosnian Conflict
• Is the Media Biased Against Me? A Meta-Analysis of the Hostile Media Effect Research
• Hostile News: Partisan Use and Perceptions of Cable News Programming
• Mapping Boundaries of the Hostile Media Effect
• Broad Reach or Biased Source? Decomposing the Hostile Media Effect
• Hostile Media Perceptions: Partisan Assessments of Press and Public during the 1997 United Parcel Service Strike
• Partisan Evaluation of Partisan Information
• Hostile Media and the Campaign Trail: Perceived Media Bias in the Race for Governor
• Empathy and the Hostile Media Phenomenon
• Partisan Cues and the Media: Information Flows in the 1992 Presidential Election
• Media Literacy Messages and Hostile Media Perceptions: Processing of Nonpartisan Versus Partisan Political Information
• Issue stance and perceived journalistic motives explain divergent audience perceptions of fake news
• Examining the Hostile Media Effect as an Intergroup Phenomenon: The Role of Ingroup Identification and Status
• A Three-Decade Retrospective on the Hostile Media Effect
• Assimilation and Contrast in a Test of the Hostile Media Effect
• Right‐wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation differentially predict biased evaluations of media reports
• Heuristics and Biases
• When Predictions Fail: The Dilemma of Unrealistic Optimism
• Objectivity in the Eye of the Beholder: Divergent Perceptions of Bias in Self Versus Others.
• The Bias Blind Spot: Perceptions of Bias in Self Versus Others
• Hostile media effect [wikipedia]
• Media coverage of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict [wikipedia]