2015/07/23 by Mana Dembo, Nicholas J. Matzke, Arne Ø. Mooers +1 · 3 citations
Earth and Planetary Sciences · Social Sciences · Mathematics · #Evolution and Paleontology Studies #Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology #Morphological variations and asymmetry #Supermatrix #Phylogenetic tree #Evolutionary biology #Phylogenetics #Bayesian probability #Biology #Artificial intelligence #Computer science #Mathematics
paper · pdf · doi:10.1098/rspb.2015.0943
openalex publication_date 2015/07/23 · openalex created_date 2016/06/24 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
The phylogenetic relationships of several hominin species remain controversial. Two methodological issues contribute to the uncertainty-use of partial, inconsistent datasets and reliance on phylogenetic methods that are ill-suited to testing competing hypotheses. Here, we report a study designed to overcome these issues. We first compiled a supermatrix of craniodental characters for all widely accepted hominin species. We then took advantage of recently developed Bayesian methods for building trees of serially sampled tips to test among hypotheses that have been put forward in three of the most important current debates in hominin phylogenetics--the relationship between Australopithecus sediba and Homo, the taxonomic status of the Dmanisi hominins, and the place of the so-called hobbit fossils from Flores, Indonesia, in the hominin tree. Based on our results, several published hypotheses can be statistically rejected. For example, the data do not support the claim that Dmanisi hominins and all other early Homo specimens represent a single species, nor that the hobbit fossils are the remains of small-bodied modern humans, one of whom had Down syndrome. More broadly, our study provides a new baseline dataset for future work on hominin phylogeny and illustrates the promise of Bayesian approaches for understanding hominin phylogenetic relationships.