Causal explanations as a risk factor for depression: Theory and evidence.

1984/01/01 by Christopher Peterson, Martin E. P. Seligman, Martin E. Seligman · 10 citations
Medicine · Psychology · #Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes #Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development #Clinical psychology #Cognitive psychology #Computer science #Depression (economics) #Economics #Factor (programming language) #Internal medicine #Medicine #Mental Health Research Topics #Psychology #Risk factor

paper · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.91.3.347

crossref issued 1984/01/01 · crossref published 1984/01/01 · crossref published-online 1984/01/01 · openalex publication_date 1984/01/01 · crossref created 2006/06/09 · crossref deposited 2024/02/06 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · crossref indexed 2026/06/30 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/02

Citations

• Responses to Uncontrollable Outcomes: An Integration of Reactance Theory and the Learned Helplessness Model
• On the social psychology of the psychological experiment: With particular reference to demand characteristics and their implications.
• Statistical principles in experimental design.
• Learned helplessness in humans: A review and attribution-theory model.
• Generality of learned helplessness in man.
• Learned helplessness: Theory and evidence.
• Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix.
• Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation.
• 8. On A Distinction Between Hypothetical Constructs And Intervening Variables
• Failure to escape traumatic shock.
• A revised model of learned helesspleness in humans1
• Coefficient Alpha and the Internal Structure of Tests

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• Primary error detection and minimization (PEDMIN) strategies in social cognition: A reinterpretation of confirmation bias phenomena.
• Illusory Control
• Is there a relation between locus of control orientation and depression?
• Validity and utility of the attributional style construct at a moderate level of specificity.
• Real Events Attributional Style Questionnaire
• Hopelessness depression: A theory-based subtype of depression.
• Cross-situational consistency in causal attributions: Does attributional style exist?
• Explanatory style across the life span: Evidence for stability over 52 years.
• Cognitive-behavioural theories of helplessness/hopelessness: Valid models of depression?
• Learned helplessness [wikipedia]