2018/01/01 by David Gillman, Dana Randall · 1 voice
Computer Science · Mathematics · Physics and Astronomy · #Condensed matter physics #Convergence (economics) #Frustration #Ising model #Ising spin #Physics #Quantum many-body systems #Random Matrices and Applications #Spin (aerodynamics) #Spin glass #Statistical physics #Theoretical and Computational Physics #Thermodynamics #cs.DM #math.PR
paper · pdf · doi:10.4230/lipics.aofa.2018.24
openalex publication_date 2018/01/01 · openalex created_date 2018/07/10 · arxiv published 2026/05/25 · arxiv updated 2026/05/25 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/06
Many physical models undergo phase transitions as some parameter of the system is varied. This phenomenon has bearing on the convergence times for local Markov chains walking among the configurations of the physical system. One of the most basic examples of this phenomenon is the ferromagnetic Ising model on an n x n square lattice region Lambda with mixed boundary conditions. For this spin system, if we fix the spins on the top and bottom sides of the square to be + and the left and right sides to be -, a standard Peierls argument based on energy shows that below some critical temperature tc, any local Markov chain M requires time exponential in n to mix. Spin glasses are magnetic alloys that generalize the Ising model by specifying the strength of nearest neighbor interactions on the lattice, including whether they are ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic. Whenever a face of the lattice is bounded by an odd number of edges with ferromagnetic interactions, the face is considered frustrated because the local competing objectives cannot be simultaneously satisfied. We consider spin glasses with exactly four well-separated frustrated faces that are symmetric around the center of the lattice region under 90 degree rotations. We show that local Markov chains require exponential time for all spin glasses in this class. This class includes the ferromagnetic Ising model with mixed boundary conditions described above, where the frustrated faces are on the boundary. The standard Peierls argument breaks down when the frustrated faces are on the interior of Lambda and yields weaker results when they are on the boundary of Lambda but not near the corners. We show that there is a universal temperature T below which M will be slow for all spin glasses with four well-separated frustrated faces. Our argument shows that there is an exponentially small cut indicated by the free energy, carefully exploiting both entropy and energy to establish a small bottleneck in the state space to establish slow mixing.