2013/12/20 by Mattias Gardell · 1 citation
Social Sciences · #Eastern European Communism and Reforms #Populism, Right-Wing Movements #Nationalism #Politics #Glory #Islamophobia #Religious studies #Sociology #Racism #Power (physics) #Law #Historicism #Media studies #Theology #Political science #Philosophy
paper · doi:10.1080/09546553.2014.849930
openalex publication_date 2013/12/20 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/29
The synchronized terror attacks on July 22, 2011 was the worst politically motivated assault in post-WW2 Norway. To the perpetrator, Anders Behring Breivik, 22/7 was a “marketing operation,” designed to draw attention to his compendium, 2083: A European Declaration of Independence. While Breivik acted alone, his political philosophy is far from unique. Through a detailed analysis of the compendium's content, identifying the original authors whose texts Breivik used but did not always acknowledge, this essay discusses the political traditions that informed the assailant's worldview: Islamophobia (anti-Muslim racism), cultural conservative nationalism, antifeminism, and selected elements of White Power thought, far Right evangelical theology, and the Knights Templar tradition, all permeated by romantic male warrior ideals. The stunning violence of July 22 was a hyper-masculine performative act aimed at producing a heroic avant-garde of nationalist warriors who will rise to purge Europe from the corrupting influence of its internal enemies and defeat its external enemies. Through the cleansing fire of the civil war, he believes that a reborn Europe will arise to reclaim its ordained position of glory as the world's leading civilization. In the final analysis, Breivik's political philosophy may thus be recognized as a 21st-century articulation of the fascist legacy.