1985/03/22 by Stephen J. O’Brien, Melody E. Roelke, Laurie Marker +7 · 6 citations
Agricultural and Biological Sciences · #Animal Virus Infections Studies #Plant Virus Research Studies #Insect and Pesticide Research #Biology #Acinonyx jubatus #Population #Epizootic #Zoology #Genetic variation #Genetic variability #Genotype #Genetics #Outbreak #Virology #Demography
paper · doi:10.1126/science.2983425
openalex publication_date 1985/03/22 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/01
A population genetic survey of over 200 structural loci previously revealed that the South African cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus jubatus) has an extreme paucity of genetic variability, probably as a consequence of a severe population bottleneck in its recent past. The genetic monomorphism of the species is here extended to the major histocompatibility complex, since 14 reciprocal skin grafts between unrelated cheetahs were accepted. The apparent consequences of such genetic uniformity to the species include (i) great difficulty in captive breeding, (ii) a high degree of juvenile mortality in captivity and in the wild, and (iii) a high frequency of spermatozoal abnormalities in ejaculates. The species vulnerability of the cheetah was demonstrated by an epizootic of coronavirus-associated feline infectious peritonitis in an Oregon breeding colony in 1983. Exposure and spread of the coronavirus, which has a very low morbidity in domestic cats (approximately 1 percent), has decimated a heretofore productive and healthy captive population. The extreme genetic monomorphism, especially at the major histocompatibility complex, and the apparent hypersensitivity of the cheetah to a viral pathogen may be related, and provide a biological basis for understanding the adaptive significance of abundant genetic variation in outbred mammalian species.