1978/07/01 by H. J. G. L. M. Lamers, R. Stalio, Y. Kondo · 1 citation
Physics and Astronomy · Engineering · #Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies #Astro and Planetary Science #Space Exploration and Technology #Physics #Astrophysics #Supergiant #Stars #Astronomy #Red supergiant #Stellar mass #Spectral line #Stellar evolution #Variable star #Ultraviolet #Ionization #Star formation #Ion
paper · doi:10.1086/156252
openalex publication_date 1978/07/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/06/11
Results are presented for a study of mass loss from A and late-B supergiants based on high-resolution mid-UV spectra obtained with the echelle spectrograph of the Balloon-borne Ultraviolet Stellar Spectrometer. Spectra of Alpha Cyg, Beta Ori, Eta Leo, and Alpha Lyr are compared in selected wavelength regions; particular attention is given to previous observations of each star, the Mg II and Fe II resonance lines, lines due to other ions, and evidence for mass ejection. The results indicate that mass loss from late-B and A supergiants is variable, that a considerable fraction of envelope material is ejected in 'puffs', and that the puffs may be due to photospheric instabilities. A mass-loss rate of about 1 hundred-millionth of a solar mass per year is derived for Alpha Cyg and shown to be two orders of magnitude smaller than the value determined from the observed IR excess. This discrepancy is attributed to excess ionization in the envelope.