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Note on Normal Decimals

1952/01/01 by H. Davenport, Paul Erdős · 4 citations
Computer Science · Mathematics · #Numerical Methods and Algorithms #History and Theory of Mathematics #Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms #Decimal #Mathematics #Arithmetic

paper · pdf · doi:10.4153/cjm-1952-005-3

openalex publication_date 1952/01/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/17

Abstract

A real number, expressed as a decimal, is said to be normal (in the scale of 10) if every combination of digits occurs in the decimal with the proper frequency. If a 1 a 2 … a k is any combination of k digits, and N ( t ) is the number of times this combination occurs among the first t digits, the condition is that 1

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