A new classification system for galaxies

1976/06/01 by S. van den Bergh · 39 citations
Physics and Astronomy · #Astronomy and Astrophysical Research #Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena #Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies #Physics #Astrophysics #Bulge #Spiral galaxy #Hubble sequence #Galaxy #Astronomy #Disc #Elliptical galaxy

paper · doi:10.1086/154452

openalex publication_date 1976/06/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/05/22

Abstract

A galaxy classification system is proposed in which normal spirals and lenticulars form parallel sequences within which 'early' and 'late' systems are distinguished by means of their disk-to-bulge ratios. A sequence of 'anemic spirals', which occur most frequently in rich clusters, is found to have characteristics that are intermediate between those of vigorous gas-rich normal spirals and gas-poor systems of type S0. The differences between normal spirals (Sa-Sb-Sc), anemic spirals (Aa-Ab-Ac), and lenticulars (S0a-S0b-S0c) are tentatively interpreted in terms of the influence of environment on the evolution of flattened galaxies.

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