2006/01/04 by Kyle C. Beardsley, Kyle Beardsley, David M. Quinn +2 · 286 citations
Psychology · Social Sciences · #Alternative dispute resolution #Conflict Management and Negotiation #Economics #Facilitation #Geography #Law #Mediation #Party-directed mediation #Peacebuilding and International Security #Political Conflict and Governance #Political science #Psychology #Social psychology #Style (visual arts)
paper · doi:10.1177/0022002705282862
published in Journal of Conflict Resolution 50(1), 58-86 (SAGE Publishing)
openalex publication_date 2006/01/04 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/25
This study focuses on the varying effectiveness of three mediation styles—facilitation, formulation, and manipulation—on international crises. Effectiveness is assessed in terms of three outcome variables: formal agreement, post-crisis tension reduction, and contribution to crisis abatement. The authors analyze new data on the mediation process from the International Crisis Behavior project (1918-2001). Manipulation has the strongest effect on the likelihood of both reaching a formal agreement and contributing to crisis abatement. Facilitation has the greatest influence on increasing the prospects for lasting tension reduction. The authors explore how the different styles affect the strategic bargaining environment to explain these differences in impact. The findings suggest that mediators should use a balance of styles if they are to maximize their overall effectiveness.