"When Carolina Indians Went on the Warpath": The Media, the Klan, and the Lumbees of North Carolina

2008/11/23 by Christopher Arris Oakley · 2 citations
Social Sciences · Business, Management and Accounting · #Race, History, and American Society #American History and Culture #Latin American and Latino Studies #South carolina #Archaeology #History #Geography #Ancient history #Political science

paper · doi:10.1353/scu.0.0022

published in Southern cultures 14(4), 55-84 (University of North Carolina Press)

openalex publication_date 2008/11/23 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/05/21

Abstract

"On a frigid Saturday night in January 1958, Grand Dragon James 'Catfish' Cole and fifty other members of the Ku Klux Klan gathered for a rally in a cornfield near Hayes Pond just outside of Maxton, a small town located in Robeson County in southeastern North Carolina. But before the rally even began, several hundred Lumbees chased the Klansmen from the frozen cornfield."

Cited by

• Battle of Hayes Pond [wikipedia]
• Robeson County, North Carolina [wikipedia]

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