2026/08/04 by Justin Arches, Emmanuel Fleurantin, Matt Holzer +2
Mathematics · Physics and Astronomy · #math.DS #nlin.AO
arxiv created 2026/08/04 · arxiv updated 2026/08/05
We study Braess-type paradoxes in coupled oscillator networks where the addition of an edge to the network leads to an increase in the critical coupling required for the existence of a stable phase-locked synchronized solution. By introducing a continuous edge-weight parameter and constructing an augmented system that allows application of the Implicit Function Theorem, we derive an explicit first-order formula for the sensitivity of the critical coupling, K'c(0), to small changes in the network structure. This formula reveals that an edge is locally Braess if the ordering of the oscillators being coupled is opposite the ordering of their components in the critical eigenvector at the saddle-node bifurcation, providing a simple criterion for Braess paradox to occur. We then employ this local approximation as a predictor for the occurrence of Braess paradox when the edge is fully incorporated in the network. This prediction is tested numerically in several classes of random networks, demonstrating both high predictive fidelity and the nonlinear limitations of the local approximation. We also examine several explicit examples, highlighting possible motifs by which Braess-type paradoxes occur. Together, these results establish a predictive framework for understanding how incremental changes in network topology can produce counterintuitive synchronization outcomes.