Intermittency and fractal behaviour of charged particles in EPOS4 and PYTHIA8 generated events at LHC energies

2026/05/31 by Fakhar Ul Haider, Ramni Gupta, Salman Khurshid Malik +3
Physics and Astronomy · #hep-ex #hep-ph #nucl-th

paper · pdf

11 pages, 10 figures

arxiv created 2026/08/04 · arxiv updated 2026/08/05

Abstract

Large number density fluctuations of the charged particles produced in heavy-ion collisions are a promising signature for exploring the QCD phase transition and critical point in the nuclear matter phase diagram. Intermittency methodology is used to probe the fractal and scale invariant nature of these fluctuations. Intermittency is the phenomenon of power-law growth of the normalized factorial moments (F_\rmq) of the number density distributions over decreasing bin size. The charged particles generated in the midrapidity region using PYTHIA8 and EPOS4 (UrQMD ON/OFF) for Pb--Pb collisions at √s_NN = 5.02 TeV are studied. Scaling behaviour of F_\rmq are studied as a function of phase space partitioning and second order moments to quantify the particle production nature within the default constraints of the two models. The scaling exponent related to the phase transition and parameters connected to fractal nature obtained for both these models show the absence of fluctuations of critical nature and multifractal behaviour.

Citations

• EPOS4: New theoretical concepts for modeling proton-proton and ion-ion scattering at very high energies
• Perturbative QCD concerning light and heavy flavor in the EPOS4 framework
• Revealing a deep connection between factorization and saturation: New insight into modeling high-energy proton-proton and nucleus-nucleus scattering in the EPOS4 framework
• Kinematic Variables and Feature Engineering for Particle Phenomenology
• Signatures of QGP at RHIC and the LHC
• Intermittency study of charged particles generated in Pb-Pb collisions at √s_NN= 2.76 TeV using EPOS3
• Color reconnection as a possible mechanism of intermittency in the emission spectra of charged particles in PYTHIA-generated high-multiplicity pp collisions at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
• The Angantyr model for Heavy-Ion Collisions in PYTHIA8
• Scaling Properties of Multiplicity Fluctuations in the AMPT Model
• New baryonic and mesonic observables from NA61/SHINE
• Locating the QCD critical endpoint through finite-size scaling
• Observable Properties of Quark--Hadron Phase Transition at the Large Hadron Collider
• An Introduction to PYTHIA 8.2
• Weak Gauge Boson Radiation in Parton Showers
• Local Multiplicity Fluctuations as a Signature of Critical Hadronization at LHC
• Global Properties of Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions
• Glauber Modeling in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions
• Multiparticle correlations from momentum conservation
• Event-by-event fluctuations and the QGP
• Relativistic Hadron-Hadron Collisions in the Ultra-Relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics Model (UrQMD)
• Event-by-Event Fluctuations in Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Event-by-event fluctuations in heavy ion collisions and the QCD critical point
• Nucleus-nucleus collisions in the dynamical string model
• Scaling laws for density correlations and fluctuations in multiparticle dynamics
• Discovery of Three-Jet Events and a Test of Quantum Chromodynamics at PETRA