2016/08/31 by Adam Levi, Amos Ori · 84 citations
Physics and Astronomy · #Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations #Black Holes and Theoretical Physics #Black hole (networking) #Classical mechanics #Energy condition #General relativity #Geodesic #Geodesics in general relativity #Geometry #Massless particle #Mathematical physics #Null (SQL) #Physics #Quantum #Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect #Quantum mechanics #Scalar field #Schwarzschild radius #Spacetime #Unruh effect #gr-qc #hep-th
paper · pdf · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.117.231101
published in Physical Review Letters 117(23), 231101 (American Physical Society) · 5 pages, 3 figures. V2: Added two important references (Refs. [18] and [19]), which already showed ANEC violations previously, although for different fields. Title was consequently changed, and also various modifications were made in the text. Overall, the paper's content is unchanged. V3: Typo corrected. V4: Updated to match the version in PRL
arxiv created 2016/11/24 · openalex publication_date 2016/11/30 · arxiv updated 2016/12/02 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/05
We report here on a new method for calculating the renormalized stress-energy tensor (RSET) in black-hole (BH) spacetimes, which should also be applicable to dynamical BHs and to spinning BHs. This new method only requires the spacetime to admit a single symmetry. Thus far, we have developed three variants of the method, aimed for stationary, spherically symmetric, or axially symmetric BHs. We used this method to calculate the RSET of a minimally coupled massless scalar field in Schwarzschild and Reissner-Nordström backgrounds for several quantum states. We present here the results for the RSET in the Schwarzschild case in the Unruh state (the state describing BH evaporation). The RSET is type I at weak field, and becomes type IV at r≲2.78M. Then we use the RSET results to explore violation of the weak and null energy conditions. We find that both conditions are violated all the way from r≃4.9M to the horizon. We also find that the averaged weak energy condition is violated by a class of (unstable) circular timelike geodesics. Most remarkably, the circular null geodesic at r=3M violates the averaged null energy condition.