小売業の海外市場における操業パフォーマンスに影響する要因分析--カルフールを事例として (特集 ロシアと中国の小売市場と小売業の国際化)

2009/10/01 by Douglas J. Kennett, Keith M. Prufer, Brendan J. Culleton +17 · 8 citations
Arts and Humanities · Earth and Planetary Sciences · Social Sciences · #Amazonian Archaeology and Ethnohistory #Archaeology and ancient environmental studies #Pacific and Southeast Asian Studies #Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology

paper · pdf · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aba3245

openalex publication_date 2009/10/01 · openalex created_date 2016/06/24 · openalex updated_date 2026/06/24

Abstract

Maize is a cultigen of global economic importance, but when it first became a staple grain in the Americas, was unknown and contested. Here, we report direct isotopic dietary evidence from 52 radiocarbon-dated human skeletons from two remarkably well-preserved rock-shelter contexts in the Maya Mountains of Belize spanning the past 10,000 years. Individuals dating before ~4700 calendar years before present (cal B.P.) show no clear evidence for the consumption of maize. Evidence for substantial maize consumption (~30% of total diet) appears in some individuals between 4700 and 4000 cal B.P. Isotopic evidence after 4000 cal B.P. indicates that maize became a persistently used staple grain comparable in dietary significance to later maize agriculturalists in the region (>70% of total diet). These data provide the earliest definitive evidence for maize as a staple grain in the Americas.

Citations

• The Origins of Plant Cultivation and Domestication in the New World Tropics
• Archaic period settlement and subsistence in the Maya lowlands: new starch grain and lithic data from Freshwater Creek, Belize
• Origin and Environmental Setting of Ancient Agriculture in the Lowlands of Mesoamerica
• IntCal13 and Marine13 Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curves 0–50,000 Years cal BP
• Genome Sequence of a 5,310-Year-Old Maize Cob Provides Insights into the Early Stages of Maize Domestication
• Methods for Summarizing Radiocarbon Datasets
• Discussion Reporting of 14C Data

Cited by

• Large-Scale Patterns in the Agricultural Demographic Transition of Mesoamerica and Southwestern North America
• THE PRECERAMIC AND EARLY CERAMIC PERIODS IN BELIZE AND THE CENTRAL MAYA LOWLANDS
• South-to-north migration preceded the advent of intensive farming in the Maya region
• OPINIONS ON THE LOWLAND MAYA LATE ARCHAIC PERIOD WITH SOME EVIDENCE FROM NORTHERN BELIZE
• BEFORE THE MAYA: A REVIEW OF PALEOINDIAN AND ARCHAIC HUMAN SKELETONS FOUND IN THE MAYA REGION
• Sulfur isotopes as a proxy for human diet and mobility from the preclassic through colonial periods in the Eastern Maya lowlands
• LOWLAND MAYA GENESIS: THE LATE ARCHAIC TO LATE EARLY FORMATIVE TRANSITION IN THE UPPER BELIZE RIVER VALLEY
• Periodisation of the history of Belize [wikipedia]