Stalk-eyed wasps—review of a largely unnoticed group of morphologically bizarre chalcidoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae: Axima)

2014/09/25 by Diana Carolina Arias‐Penna, Thomas Pape, Lars Krogmann · 1 citation
Agricultural and Biological Sciences · #Plant and animal studies #Insect-Plant Interactions and Control #Hymenoptera taxonomy and phylogeny

paper · pdf · doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3866.4.8

openalex publication_date 2014/09/25 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/06/11

Abstract

Axima Walker is a small genus of Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) exclusive to the Western Hemisphere. Some species are distinctive in having stalked eyes and Axima sidi, sp. n. is described as the third stalk-eyed species based on a single female from Colombia. A key to facilitate species identification of stalk-eyed Axima is included. The only species of Axima for which host biology is known is a primary parasitoid of dwarf carpenter bees of the genus Ceratina Latreille (Apidae: Xylocopinae). A hypothesis about the possible function of stalked eyes in Axima as devices to assist the escape of adult wasps from hosts enclosed in the soft pith of plant stems is proposed.

Citations

• Phylogenetic analysis of Eurytominae (Chalcidoidea: Eurytomidae) based on morphological characters

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