2006/04/18 by Joshua A. Miele, Steven Landau, Deborah Gilden · 2 citations
Engineering · Neuroscience · #Spatial Cognition and Navigation #Tactile and Sensory Interactions #Urban Design and Spatial Analysis
paper · doi:10.1177/0264619606064436
openalex publication_date 2006/04/18 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/17
Traditional tactile cartography is complicated by problems associated with braille labeling and feature annotation. Audio-tactile display techniques can address many of these issues by associating spoken information and sounds with specific map elements. This article introduces Talking TMAP – a collaborative effort between The Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute and Touch Graphics, Inc. Talking TMAP combines existing tools such as the World Wide Web, geographic information systems, braille embossers and touch tablet technology in new ways to produce a system capable of creating detailed and accurate audio-tactile street maps of any neighborhood. The article describes software design, user interface and plans for future implementation.