2015/07/01 by Jerome Ramirez, Richard Brown, Thomas J. Rainey · 2 citations
Engineering · #Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes #Catalysis and Hydrodesulfurization Studies #Subcritical and Supercritical Water Processes
paper · pdf · doi:10.3390/en8076765
openalex publication_date 2015/07/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/22
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) presents a viable route for converting a vast range of materials into liquid fuel, without the need for pre-drying. Currently, HTL studies produce bio-crude with properties that fall short of diesel or biodiesel standards. Upgrading bio-crude improves the physical and chemical properties to produce a fuel corresponding to diesel or biodiesel. Properties such as viscosity, density, heating value, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur content, and chemical composition can be modified towards meeting fuel standards using strategies such as solvent extraction, distillation, hydrodeoxygenation and catalytic cracking. This article presents a review of the upgrading technologies available, and how they might be used to make HTL bio-crude into a transportation fuel that meets current fuel property standards.