2014/12/20 by Katarzyna Bryc, Éric Durand, J. Michael Macpherson +2 · 6 citations
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · #Race, Genetics, and Society #Forensic and Genetic Research #Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
paper · pdf · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.11.010
openalex publication_date 2014/12/20 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/04
Over the past 500 years, North America has been the site of ongoing mixing of Native Americans, European settlers, and Africans (brought largely by the trans-Atlantic slave trade), shaping the early history of what became the United States. We studied the genetic ancestry of 5,269 self-described African Americans, 8,663 Latinos, and 148,789 European Americans who are 23andMe customers and show that the legacy of these historical interactions is visible in the genetic ancestry of present-day Americans. We document pervasive mixed ancestry and asymmetrical male and female ancestry contributions in all groups studied. We show that regional ancestry differences reflect historical events, such as early Spanish colonization, waves of immigration from many regions of Europe, and forced relocation of Native Americans within the US. This study sheds light on the fine-scale differences in ancestry within and across the United States and informs our understanding of the relationship between racial and ethnic identities and genetic ancestry.